|
''Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments'' is a book in Persian language by late minister Dr. Ali Asghar Hekmat E Shirazi which was published 1956 and 1958. It contains the Persian texts of more than 80 excellent epigraphy and inscriptions found in the historical monuments of India, many of which today are included in the national heritage or have been registered as the world heritage by the UNESCO.new edition with extra 200 more excellent epigraphy in the Indian monuments has been published in Persian and the English version also is under print. ==First chapter== First chapter of the book dedicated to the history of Persian inscription in India and described it to the pre Islamic period and after . as mentioned in the Pahlavi inscription by A.C. Burnell 1873 the Sassanid Persian can be found in Ajanta cave Pulakesin II and many coins and on the Cross of churches such as the St. Thomas Mount churches of Chennai - San Thome Basilica Madras. St. Mary's Orthodox Valiyapally. In India, Persian epigraphs are usually found on buildings like mosques and tombs or secular edifices like forts, palaces, gateways, tanks, wells, gardens, bridges, sarais and the likes. Certain movable objects like arms, seals, signets, vases, utensils etc. also bear inscriptions. Indian Islamic/persian inscriptions date from the last decade of the 12th century A.D. when Muhammad Ghori (Guri)conquered Delhi and established his sultanate there with the exception of about a dozen or so, bearing earlier dates, found in Haryana, Gujarat and Kerala. In Persian, Arabic and lately Urdu inscriptions of India, the prominent dynasties represented are the Mamluks(Slaves), Khaljis, Tughluqs, Sayyids, Lodis, Mughals (khorasanid) and Surs at the centre, and among the regional dynasties Sultans of Bengal, Gujarat, Kashmir, Malwa and Mysore;Bahmanis of Gulbarga, Sharqis of Jaunpur, Adil Shahis of Bijapur, Nizam Shahis of Ahmadangar, Qutb Shahis of Golconda, Faruqis of Khandesh, Asaf Jahis of Hyderabad, Nawwabs of Arcot, Awadh and Murshidabad, Bhonslas of Nagpur, Gaikwads of Baroda, Holkars of Indore, Marathas of Tanjore, Sindhiyas of Gwalior and the Rohillas. When mighty Mughals or (khorasanid) came, they mainly used Persian for all academic and administrative activities, epigraphs, coins, Farmans, letters etc. The later Mughals, at the centre witnessed autonomy of many regional principalities who also, under their chiefs, continued Persian as the official language. Later on, when Urdu language appeared on the scene, its existence was also recorded in inscriptions. Apart from Arabic, Persian and Urdu inscriptions, there are bilingual and even trilingual inscriptions, i.e., Arabic mixed with regional languages such as Gujarati, Bengali, Tamil and Malayalam, as well as Persian mixed with provincial languages like Kannada, Telugu, Oriya, Tamil, Gujarati and Marathi. Persian and mixed Quranic Arabic with persian have been used with other languages namely Sanskrit, Hindi, English, Portuguese etc. The best examples of this applied art are Qutb Minar at New Delhi, Tomb of Akbar the Great at Sikandara, Adina Mosque at Pandua (Bengal), Atala Masjid at Jaunpur, Jami Mosques at Ahmadabad (Gujarat), Golconda and Hyderabad, Ibrahim Rauda at Bijapur, Taj Mahal at Agra and Jami Masjid at Old Delhi(Shahjahanabad). Arabic and Persian epigraphs are found executed in different popular scripts or styles of Islamic Persian Calligraphy viz., Kufi, Naskh, Thuluth, Riqa and Nastaliq. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|